Plants

Flora-On describes Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum as a colonizer of burned areas and abandoned pastures, where it can become dominant. This helps to understand how a stain of fetuses forms, but does not prove the history of the photographed terrain. The record of Gondiães e Vilar de Cunhas identifies Pteridium aquilinum at the level of the species: the image does not confirm the subspecies or a previous fire. Compare the set of the hillside with the clipping of a single fron.

The record of the University of Évora describes a long underground rhizome, along which the leaves appear. The green on the surface is only part of the plant: there is a stem that extends under the ground. Rizoma is not synonymous with root.

The frondes have a long petiole and a boundary blade between oval and triangular, divided into segments. The upper face has no hair; the lower has hairiness. The description refers to leaves usually between thirty and one and a half centimeters, and can reach higher dimensions. They are measures of the species, not of the photographed specimen.

This fetus can occur both in the sun and in the shade, including in the sub-basket and on acidic land. The presence of a stain does not demonstrate, alone, whether there was fire, abandonment of agriculture or any other change in that land.

The fetuses reproduce by spores, without flowers. The University of Évora describes the serums and spores of Asplenium onopteris, associated with wet and dark sites, including cracks of rocks and walls. Its fronds are persistent. The local record below shows the appearance of the plant; the explanation of reproduction comes from the botanical record.

The leaf of a fetus is called fronde. In this species, the record describes persistent fronds between ten and fifty centimeters and a blade cut into successive divisions. The petiolus, which binds the blade to the base, is dark and can be as long as it is. They are general botanical characteristics, not measured from the local photograph.

Serums gather spore-producing structures. In Asplenium onopteris they are described as elongated or linear, with a covering called indusium. It is a different detail from a flower or fruit: not finding flowers in a fetus does not mean that the plant is without reproduction. The available image may also not show these details.

Briophytes are small plants whose life cycle depends heavily on moisture. Diversity is not only in the green: there are different shapes, colors and textures. According to Serralves' scientific presentation, they contribute to the recycling of nutrients and can colonize surfaces where other plants still cannot settle, helping to form the soil. Knowing this group gives new questions for a walk, without having to start examples.

Mosses do not have true roots. Kew describes rhizoids as small filaments whose main function is to attach the plant to rock, bark or soil. The absorbing surface helps to capture water and minerals from the environment. Therefore, contact with moisture is part of their way of living.

They also do not produce flowers: they reproduce by spores. The spaces between small plants help to retain water, helping to keep the soil and the nearby environment moist. These rugs can also offer shelter to small animals.

This does not mean that all mosses need the same conditions. There are species adapted to very different environments, and some go through dry periods in a dormant state. A green spot on a wall does not allow themselves to identify the species or explain its entire cycle.