Not all the fish from the river came from here.
Vive Cabeceiras · Cavez · registo de 2016–2017 e biologia geral

Sunshine tells an introduction story.

Sunshine, Lepomis gibbosus, is originally from North America. The Interpretation Center of the River of Águeda describes it as an exotic species, of high body and flattened laterally, which lives in still waters but also in rivers. In breeding season, males may hinder access by juveniles of native species to the shore shelters. It was registered in Cavez in 2016–2017; this record does not measure its local impact. The bluish bands from the head to the flanks and a dark spot on the tip of the pearl are part of the description. In juveniles, the pattern is simpler, on a greenish or olivaceous bottom. Age also changes appearance. The menu includes insects, crustaceans, sea snails and fish larvae. This diversity helps to realize that food is not just a single prey. The chart also distinguishes lentic environments, such as albufeiras, from Gothic environments, such as rivers and rivers: the species can use both. The geographical origin, presence in a survey and effect on other species are different information.

Sources and context
Águeda River Interpretation Center — Sun Loss
https://centrodorio.agueda.pt/perca-sol/
Accessed: 2026-11-07
Biosphere / Iberdrola, APA file — Monitoring of ichthyofauna 2016–2017, February 2018; pp. 5, 35 and 40, station record 22 on p. 175 PDF
https://siaia.apambiente.pt/AIADOC/PA402/ictiofauna2020710141152.pdf#page=40
Accessed: 2026-11-06

Editorial summary. The date of consultation is not the date of the facts.
Text and recipe, when available. Photos, activities and updates on the page:
https://vivecabeceiras.pt/en/descobrir/terra-viva/?leitura=perca-sol-origem#perca-sol-origem